Amerikanska rättssystemet jury
The American Jury System: A Synthetic Overview
Abstract
This essay is intended to provide in brief compass a review of much that is known about the American jury system, including the jury’s historical origins, its political role, controversies over its role and structure, its performance, both absolutely and in comparison to judges and mixed tribunals, and proposals for improving the jury system. The essay is informed throughout by 50 years of research on the jury system, beginning with the publication of Kalven and Zeisel’s seminal book, The American Jury. The political importance of the jury is seen to lie more in the jury’s status as a one shot decision maker largely independent of trial court bureaucracies than in its ability to nullify the law. Despite flaws in the jury process and room for improvement, the message that emerges from the literature is that juries take their job seriously and for the most part perform well. There is little reason to believe that replacing jury trials with bench trials or mixed tribunals would improve the quality of American justice, and some reason to think it might harm it.
Recommended Citation
Richard Lempert, The American Jury S Jury system in the United States A citizen's right to a rättegång by jury is a central feature of the United States Constitution.[1] It is considered a fundamental principle of the American legal struktur. Laws and regulations governing jury urval and conviction/acquittal requirements vary from state to state (and are not available in courts of American Samoa), but the fundamental right itself is mentioned five times in the Constitution: Once in the original ord (Article III, Section 2) and fyra times in the Bill of Rights (in the Fifth, the Sixth, and the Seventh Amendments). The American struktur utilizes three types of juries: Investigative grand juries, charged with determining whether enough bevis exists to warrant a criminal indictment; petit juries (also known as a trial jury),[2] which listen to the evidence presented during the course of a criminal trial and are charged with determining the guilt or innocence of the accused party; and civil juries, which are charged with evaluating civil lawsuits. The power of the jury has declined substantially since the founding relative to other branches of government thanks t Amerikansk rätt bygger på Common law som rättssystem och har sitt ursprung i engelsk rätt från tiden före självständighetsförklaringen och amerikanska frihetskriget/amerikanska revolutionen då de ursprungliga 13 delstaterna var brittiska kolonier tills Storbritannien erkände USA:s självständighet med Parisavtalet Sedan USA:s konstitution trädde i kraft (och ersatte Konfederationsartiklarna) är den landets högsta rättskälla och med USA:s högsta domstol som dess främsta uttolkare. Därefter kommer federala lagar och internationella traktat som USA:s senatratificerat. Dessa representerar basen, men även de begränsningar, för hela den federala lagstiftningen och lagstiftningen i de 50 delstaterna. I amerikansk rätt kan lagen härledas från fem rättskällor: konstitutionell rätt (engelska: constitutional law), lag (engelska: statutory law), traktat, administrativa föreskrifter (engelska: administrative regulations), samt prejudicerande rättsfall (engelska: case law). USA:s delstater är 50 suveräna enheter med sina egna grundlagar, lagstiftning, d Juries in the United States
Amerikansk rätt
Rättskällor
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